Ángel Delgado: revisión y resistencia.Aluna Curatorial Collective. (Adriana Herrera - Willy Castellanos). Abril 2015 |
Él resistió,
Cada sinónimo
atribuido al verbo resistir: soportar, perdurar, aguantar, durar,
permanecer, sostener, luchar, oponerse, animarse, mantenerse firme, es
una ventana para mirar el conjunto de una obra que surgió en la frontera
más desnuda del miedo, como acto de sobrevivencia, pero que acaba por
constituir un consiente apostarse sobre los cercos invisibles de las
realidades colectivas, un modo de contender con el propio cuerpo -y con
el cuerpo social-- y asegurarse de que mantiene intacta la posibilidad
seguir en pie. Su arte consiste en insertar sus propios códigos en el
mundo de afuera expandiendo su espacio de libertad El término "revisión" elegido como título de esta exhibición de Ángel Delgado oabarca tanto la reiterada insistencia en usar las herramientas de visión y de intervenciones materiales que aprendió "adentro" -desde su modo de descifrar los códigos de convivencia hasta las prácticas estéticas- para observar, críticamente, el "afuera" de su propio tiempo. En los pañuelos y sábanas usados e intervenidos con fotografías de presidios y/o dibujos, en las esculturas talladas sobre jabón, en las pinturas con vistas aéreas de panópticos, hay una continua trasposición de mundos que hace estallar las fronteras entre éstos. Las figuras carcelarias refieren a la claustrofobia de todos los mundos -incluido el del arte contemporáneo- donde la lógica del capitalismo transnacional que no obedece a ningún límite en la voracidad acumulativa convierte a los transeúntes en fantasmas que no advierten su condición. El acto transgresor de su performance de 1990, irrumpir en el salón donde se exhibían las obras participantes en El objeto esculturado, disponer en círculo cartones con el grabado de un hueso verde, extender hojas del diario oficial Granma y defecar en medio de éstas, expresaba entonces el malestar colectivo frente a la creciente atmósfera de censura pública a artistas. Ese 4 de mayo de 1990, marcó, según Rachel Weiss, el comienzo metafórico de la década. "Nadie intentó impedir el exceso" confesó por su parte Gerardo Mosquera, cuando en 1996, escribió el texto del catálogo de la exhibición en Espacio Aglutinador, donde los curadores Sandra Ceballos y Ezequiel Suárez hicieron una instalación con los objetos residuales de su encarcelamiento. Por su parte, en Nosotros los más infieles, Andrés Isaac Santana plantea la necesidad de una reescritura de la historia del arte de los 90 en Cuba que encare cómo ese encierro vergonzoso marcó "un cambio en la modulación y concepción de los discursos estéticos y el advenimiento de cierto cinismo consagrado como postura estratégica y estética de sobre-vivencia en la isla de la maldita circunstancia de la doble moral por todas partes". Delgado declinó titular esta exhibición en Aluna Art Foundation, realizada en el aniversario 25 de su encarcelamiento, con el nombre de Parrhesia, término que en griego equivale a "decir verdad" a riesgo de todo, y que le propuso nuestro colectivo curatorial por tratarse de la primera muestra del ciclo dedicado al tema de censura y verdad. Su decisión obedece a que las obras incluidas fueron hechas en la última década, y abarcan el período de su creación afuera de la isla, tanto en México como en los Estados Unidos. Pero si el poder de su lenguaje parte de un continuo retorno a la arqueología de medios y materiales usados por los prisioneros -no sólo en Cuba sino en el sistema carcelario mundial-, no menos cierto es que la estética del encierro modula su modo de enunciar verdad al traspasarlos al mundo de afuera donde la presencia de la libertad es fantasmagórica, como algunas siluetas de sus pinturas, y acechan otras opresiones. De hecho, el Gramma no es el único periódico que ha escarnecido : en México, durante su performance Digiriendo las noticias, hizo un batido con agua y varios tipos de dulce licuando secciones de los diarios locales y no faltó quien se arriesgar a probar la bebida vomitiva. Delgado no corre riesgo físico al decir verdad, pero sí sostiene un ejercicio casi obsesivo, de resistencia a las múltiples formas de coerción, a las condenas y prisiones más sutiles, y ha construido su práctica llevando la visión de la celda invisible sobre los hombros para no aletargarse, para no olvidar el pensar en esos grandes nombres -verdad y libertad- que asumidos desde el ser, como grito pronunciado con la mente y con el cuerpo son un acto de resiliencia. Nunca olvida que cuando salió de la prisión a media noche y se vio en un campo extendido a la luz de la luna lo que hizo fue correr y correr y gritar. "La sensación de poder gritar es algo que no puedes entender hasta que te suceden cosas extremas", asegura. Las obras en diversos medios pueden leerse como rastro de esa práctica interior de resistencia asociada a la verdad. Es como si hiciera eco de la frase de Michael Payne: "Lamentamos el eclipse de la verdad". En una conversación con Christopher Norris que dio origen al capítulo "Verdad después de la teoría", Norris se refiere a las cosas que percibimos pero que sólo pueden ser conocidas en su naturaleza esencial a través de un proceso interno de búsqueda -después- de la verdad. Este es, precisa, el "concepto de la verdad como aletheia. Como el momento de la epifanía, de develamiento interior". Delgado debe a la prisión ese momento de visión que provocó también la práctica de la resistencia, como continua revisión de la realidad, mientras él mismo era sometido a vigilancia. Prueba de ello fueron los papeles que llenó, a modo de un diario con un alfabeto inventado para abrir un intersticio entre los muros. Si, como sostenía Wittgenstein los límites de nuestro lenguaje son los límites de nuestro mundo, su ejercicio consistió en una invención donde pudiera cifrar y expandir su experiencia de vida a resguardo. Por primera vez, los códigos de ese alfabeto se desplegarán a modo de inscripción en una pared de la exhibición que inicia con una serie de serigrafías recientes derivadas de ese acto de escritura liberador. Ese conjunto de signos privados, los objetos fabricados como arqueología del encierro, y los performances con los cuales palpa una vez más su capacidad de resistencia a éste, equivalen también a la continua construcción de un refugio interior que funciona como "casa" que lleva consigo de país en país y que al albergar el curso de sus obsesiones espirituales y artísticas, nos evoca el sentido del Merzbau de Kurt Schwitters. La casa invisible de Delgado es la consciencia del panóptico que acecha y cuyos límites, semejantes a la cinta de Möbius son lábiles; el afuera y el adentro ocupan el lugar relativo del arriba y abajo, son convenciones establecidas para el tránsito de la visión. Lo esencial de su práctica es esa continua resistencia y la construcción de un refugio subjetivo. Por eso también Revisión incluye fotografías que documentan momentos de intensificación de la acción de esos performances donde concentra la doble función de resistencia-refugio. Ángel Delgado se ha hecho cubrir con una tela y alambres en un lugar público; transportar inmovilizado por cuerdas hasta el mar o hasta un interior donde ha permanecido tiempo amarrado; y tapiar en posición fetal en un cubo de arcilla, o enterrar completamente bajo tierra. Y ha aprendido a permanecer inmutable en los límites de confinamientos extremos de tal modo que dentro de esa práctica de resistencia encuentra un refugio interior. Su Merzbau.
Sus Paisajes incómodos hablan de la invisible expansión de los
panópticos, mientras la serie Historias paralelas, se atreve a revivir
el género de un modo de pintura social insistiendo en la pregunta
ontológica sobre el curso de la humanidad. En la pintura que elegimos de
esta serie el paralelismo se establece entre el confort del ejecutivo y
la figura de un caracol como metonimia de los que llevan su casa a
cuestas, pero también como doble del artista que transita como nómada
con la visión de un panóptico invisible a cuestas. En su escultura
icónica Hacia dónde vamos: un maletín ejecutivo contiene una masa de
ovejas -hechas en jabón- que marchan en la misma dirección, mientras una
o dos, también alter egos del artista, van en contravía. Ángel Delgado
cava continuamente pasadizos de escape, lugares de acecho,
objetos-recordatorios con los restos materiales del confinamiento pero
sobre todo, asume la vida como obra en la que halla refugio y sostiene
la verdad de sus ejercicios de resistencia. ANGEL DELGADO: REVISION AND RESISTENCE The work of Angel Delgado (Cuba, 1965) is a continuous endurance exercise, a form of resistance. In Latin, the verb resistere is equivalent to standing firm, persisting, and is composed of two terms: "re" meaning intensified action, repetition or backtracking, and the verb "sistere" derived from "stare": to be standing. That was the internal exercise that he was forced to do during the six months he faced in prison when he was 24 years old. The sentence given for the crime of public scandal attributed to his situationist-like performance La esperanza es lo que último que se está perdiendo (Hope is the Last Thing we are Lossing) was the ultimate expression of surveillance and punishment in a system whose explicit and disciplinary cultural policy radically refused anything "outside (the revolution)" and advocated that " everything " should be confined " within it." But it is also the artistic practice that he has repeatedly maintained within the limits of material means -sheets, scarves, intervened soaps- transplanted from inside the prison to the outside of contemporary art, rewriting the alphabet that he invented to liberate himself, or doing performances with which he goes back to prove that his ability to resist has not become lethargic: to imprisonment, to the soapy surfaces of the world, and to the multiple modes of confinement. Each synonym attributed to the verb "resist": to bear, endure, withstand, last, stand, support, fight, oppose, cheer, stand firm, is a window into the body of a work that emerged in the barest frontier of fear as an act of survival but that eventually constitutes a conscious wager on the invisible boundaries of collective realities, a way to contend with the body itself-and with the social body- and to ensure that the possibility of remaining on one's feet is intact. His art consists of inserting his own codes into the outside world hence expanding his space of freedom. He opens windows so we can understand that within the faceless urban crowds there are also invisible powers at play like the flow of omnipotent capital that reduce us to numbers, equivalent to the 1242900 which was his identity in prison. The individual who was once under review in the different areas of confinement now examines reality, watches it closely, defies its limits, gropes its walls looking for fissures, and even notices the presence of a confinement in which other may not see anything. Those invisible walls of modes of economic control -i.e. the confinements of class in a time dominated by what Ben Davis calls "egoseus" (in an ironic play on the word museum)- are codes of coexistence that refer to other types of prisons. The term "review," chosen as the title of this exhibition by Angel Delgado, encompasses the reiterative insistence of the use of visual tools and the intervention of materials, both aesthetic practices learned during his time on "the inside" along with the codes of living; moreover the fact that he uses that set of learning tools to critically observe "the outside" of his own time. There is a continuous transposition of the space of prisions and the exterior world that makes borders between them explode -present in the handkerchiefs and sheets used and intervened with photographs of prisons and/or drawings, in the sculptures carved out of soap, and in the paintings with aerial views of panoptics. Prison figures refer to the claustrophobia of all worlds -including that of contemporary art- where the logic of transnational capitalism that does not obey any limit on its cumulative greed that turns pedestrians into ghosts unaware of their condition. The criminal act of his performance in 1990, irrupting into the room that exhibited the participating works of "The Sculptured Object," placing cardboards in a circle with the engraving of a green bone,extending the pages of the official newspaper Granma, and defecating in a hole of the center, at the moment expressed the collective unease of the growing atmosphere of public censorship of artists. That May 4th, 1990 marked, according to Rachel Weiss, the metaphorical beginning of the decade. "No one tried to prevent the excess" confessed Gerardo Mosquera, when in 1996 he wrote the text for the exhibition catalog in Espacio Aglutinador, where the curators Sandra Ceballos and Ezequiel Suarez made an installation with residual objects of his time in prison. Meanwhile, in Nosotros los más infieles (We the Biggest Infidels) Andrés Isaac Santana raises the need of rewriting the History of Art of the 90s in Cuba to address how this shameful confinement marked "a change in the modulation and in the conception of the aesthetic discourses, and the advent of cynicism consecrated as a strategic and an aesthetic posture of survival on the island on the damned circumstance of double standards everywhere" . Delgado declined to use, as a title to this exhibition in Aluna Art Foundation, held on the 25th anniversary of his incarceration, the name of Parrhesia (the Greek term that stands for "truth" at the risk of everything), that our curatorial collective had proposed to him because it was the first exhibition in the cycle dedicated to the theme of censorship and truth. His decision was based on the fact that the works included were made in the last decade, covering this period of creation outside the island, both in Mexico and the United States. But if the power of his language comes from a continual return to the archeology of media and materials used by prisoners -not only in Cuba but in the global prison system-, it is no less true that the aesthetic of imprisonment modulates their way of expressing truth by transferring them to the outside world where the presence of freedom is eerie, like some the silhouettes of his paintings, and where other oppressions lurk. In fact, Granma is not the only newspaper that he has mocked : During his performance "Digesting the News", that took place in Mexico, he made a smoothie using water and various types of sweeteners, that he blended with sections of local newspapers. There was no lack of people who risked trying the disgusting drink. Delgado does not risk any danger by telling the truth, however he maintains an almost obsessive exercise of resistance to multiple forms of coercion -to the sentences and the more subtle prisons-, and has constructed his practice by holding the vision of an invisible cell on his shoulders so as to not become lethargic, so as not to not forget to think of those big terms - truth and freedom- which when assumed from within, as a sharp cry pronounced by the mind and the body, are an act of resilience. He never forgets that when his time in prison was up, he left at midnight and found himself on an extended field under the moonlight, all the did as to run and run and scream. "The feeling of being able to scream is something you cannot understand until extreme things happen to you," he says. The works in various media can be read as a sign of that inner practice of resistance associated with the truth. It is as if he echoed the words of Michael Payne: "We regret the eclipse of the truth." In a conversation held with Christopher Norris, which gave rise to the chapter "Truth After the Theory," Norris refers to things that we perceive but that can only be known in their essential nature through an internal process of seeking-after-truth. This is the concept of truth as aletheia, as the moment of epiphany, of inward 'unveiling'." Delgado owes that moment of vision to his time spent in prison, which also generated the practice of resistance, as a continuous reality check, while he himself was being kept under surveillance. The proof of this are the papers he filled out, in the of a drawn diary, with an invented alphabet, in order to open a gap between the walls. If, as Wittgenstein argued, the limits of our language are the limits of our world, this exercise consisted in an invention, which could encrypt and expand his life experience safely. For the first time, the codes of the alphabet will be displayed as an inscription on a wall of the exhibition, which begins with a series of recent silkscreens formed from that act of liberating writing. This set of private signs, objects made as an archeology of imprisonment, and the performances with which he examines once again his resilience to it, are also equivalent to the continuous construction of an indoor shelter that works like a "home" that he takes it with him from country to country. As it housted his spiritual and artistic obsessions it evokes to us the meaning of Kurt Schwitters' Merzbau. Delgado's invisible house is the consciousness of the panopticon that stalks, and whose limits, like the Möbius strip, are flexible: the outside and the inside occupy the relative place of the top and bottom, are established conventions for the transit of vision. Most of his practice is the continued resistance and the construction of this subjective refuge. That is why "Revision" also includes photographs that document moments of intensified actions of his performances, where he enacts the dual function of resistance-shelter. Angel Delgado has been covered with a cloth and wires in a public place; he has been carried while immobilized by ropes to the sea or to an interior where he has remained tied for some time; and he has been incased in clay a fetal position, or he has been completely buried underground. He has learned to remain unchanged within the limits of extreme confinement so that within that practice of resistance he has found an inner refuge: his Merzbau. His Paisajes incómodos (Uncomfortable Landscapes) speak of the invisible expansion of the panoptic, while the series Historias paralelas (Parallel Stories) dares to revive the genre of a type of social painting but emphasizing ontological questions regarding the course of humanity. In the painting we chose from this latest series, the parallelism is established between the comfort of an confident executive and the figure of a snail as a metaphor of those who carry their house on their back, and also as the double of the artist who travels as a nomad with the vision of an invisible panoptic on his back. In his iconic sculpture Hacia dónde vamos, (Where do we Go), an executive briefcase containing a herd of sheep -made of soap- that are marching in the same direction, while one or two (also the artist's alter egos), go against the current. Ángel Delgado continuously carves out passages interpelling reality, stalking sites, mementos with the material remains of confinement but, above all, he takes on life as a work in which he finds refuge and bears the truth of his exercise in resistance. |